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Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.〔 , in 〕 Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).〔 , in 〕 Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation.〔 Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.〔Oppenheimer, M., ''et al.'', ''Section 19.7.1: Relationship between Adaptation Efforts, Mitigation Efforts, and Residual Impacts,'' in: (Chapter 19: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities ) (archived (July 8 2014 )), pp.46-49, in 〕 "Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’" Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries."〔http://report.mitigation2014.org/drafts/final-draft-postplenary/ipcc_wg3_ar5_final-draft_postplenary_chapter3.pdf〕 Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.〔 Energy efficiency may also play a role,〔 , in 〕 for example, through improving the insulation of buildings.〔 , in 〕 Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.〔 〕 Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).〔 〕 The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system.〔 〕 Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.〔Oppenheimer, M., ''et al.'', FAQ 19.1, in: (Chapter 19: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities ) (archived (July 8 2014 )), p.52, in 〕 In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.〔 , p.3, paragraph 4. Document (available ) in UN languages and text format. 〕 This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels.〔 Victor, D., ''et al.'', Executive summary, in: (Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter ), p.4 (archived (3 July 2014) ), in 〕 Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent〔 *(The Radical Emissions Reduction Conference ), 2013. Held at the Royal Society, Carlton House Terrace, London. 10-11 Dec. *The Guardian, 2013. ('Every little helps' is a dangerous mantra for climate change ). By Adam Corner, 13 Dec. *New Statesman, 2013. (How science is telling us all to revolt ). By Naomi Klein, 29 Oct. *Anderson, K. & Bows, A., 2011. (Beyond 'dangerous' climate change: emission scenarios for a new world ). Philos. Trans. Royal Society A. *Anderson K. (2011, July). (Climate Change: Going beyond dangerous -- Brutal numbers, tenuous hope, or cognitive dissonance? ) Video of presentation made to UK Dept. for Internal Development. *4 Degrees and Beyond Conference, official website: ''(Programme, abstracts, presentations, and audio recordings. )'' 〕 or modest〔 〕〔 than the 2 °C limit. ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「climate change mitigation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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